handling Throw exception in R

In R, to throw an exception we use the stop() function. Here are some examples:

1. Throw an exception with a custom message:

x <- -5
if (x < 0) {
  stop("x should be greater than or equal to zero")
}

This will throw an exception with the message "x should be greater than or equal to zero" if x is less than zero.

2. Throw an exception with a default message:

y <- NULL
if (is.null(y)) {
  stop("y is NULL")
}

This will throw an exception with the message "y is NULL" if y is NULL.

3. Throw an exception with a custom condition:

z <- "some string"
if (!is.numeric(z)) {
  stop("z should be a numeric value", call. = FALSE)
}

This will throw an exception with the message "z should be a numeric value" if z is not a numeric value. The call. = FALSE argument is used to suppress the output of the call stack.

Overall, stop() function is useful in handling errors and exceptions in your R code.