In R, a boolean variable is a variable that can only hold one of two values: TRUE or FALSE. The boolean values TRUE and FALSE are often used in conditional statements to determine which block of code should be executed. Here are some examples of how to use booleans in R:
1. Simple boolean variable assignment
is_raining <- TRUE
if (is_raining) {
print("Bring an umbrella!")
} else {
print("Enjoy the outdoor!")
}
In this example, we assign the boolean value TRUE to the variable is_raining. Then we use an if statement to print a message depending on the value of is_raining.
2. Boolean operators
x <- 5
y <- 2
(x > y) # Output: TRUE
(x == y) # Output: FALSE
(x != y) # Output: TRUE
(x >= y) # Output: TRUE
(x <= y) # Output: FALSE
In this example, we create two variables x and y. Then we use boolean operators such as >, ==, !=, >=, and <= to compare the two variables.
3. Boolean functions
all(c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)) # Output: FALSE
any(c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)) # Output: TRUE
In this example, we use two boolean functions: all() and any(). The all() function returns TRUE if all of the elements of a vector are TRUE. In this case, since there is a FALSE element in the vector, all() returns FALSE. The any() function returns TRUE if at least one of the elements of a vector is TRUE. In this case, since there are two TRUE elements in the vector, any() returns TRUE.