Include in R

In R, we can check if an array includes a certain element by using the %in% operator or the match() function. Here are examples of each method:

1. Using %in% operator:

   # Defining an array

   arr <- c(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)

   

   # Checking if the element 5 is in the array

   5 %in% arr

   # Output: TRUE

   

   # Checking if the element 6 is in the array

   6 %in% arr

   # Output: FALSE

   

2. Using match() function:

   # Defining an array

   arr <- c("apple", "banana", "orange", "grape")

   

   # Checking if the element "apple" is in the array

   !is.na(match("apple", arr))

   # Output: TRUE

   

   # Checking if the element "kiwi" is in the array

   !is.na(match("kiwi", arr))

   # Output: FALSE

   

Note that in the match() function, we use the is.na() function to check if the returned value is not NA because the match() function returns NA if the element is not found in the array.