Private method in Python 3.10

In Python, you can create private methods within a class by prefixing the method name with double underscores (like __method_name()). This makes the method name name-mangled and inaccessible from outside the class.

Here's an example of how private methods can be used in Python 3.10:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.__private_attribute = "I am a private attribute"
    
    def __private_method(self):
        print("I am a private method")
    
    def public_method(self):
        print(self.__private_attribute)
        self.__private_method()
obj = MyClass()

obj.public_method()  # Output: "I am a private attribute"

                     #         "I am a private method"

In this example, __private_attribute is a private attribute accessible only from within the class. Similarly, __private_method is a private method that can be accessed only by other methods within the class (public_method() in this case).

When we create an object of the class (obj), we can call the public method (public_method()) which in turn accesses the private attribute (self.__private_attribute) and private method (self.__private_method()) of the class.

If we try to access the private method or attribute from outside the class, we'll get an AttributeError.

For example:

obj = MyClass()
obj.__private_attribute  # Raises AttributeError: 'MyClass' object has no attribute '__private_attribute'
obj.__private_method()  # Raises AttributeError: 'MyClass' object has no attribute '__private_method'

Note: It's worth mentioning that name-mangling is not a security feature, but rather a naming convention that helps reduce the risk of naming conflicts in larger codebases.